Carpal arthrodesis using a minimally invasive approach and locking compression plates: Three cases

Three horses with carpal instability due to comminuted second carpal bone fractures (Cases 1 and 3), fracture of the head of the second metacarpal bone (Case 1) or comminuted fractures of the fourth carpal bone, ulnar and intermediate carpal bones (Case 2) were treated by minimally invasive approach for partial (Cases 1 and 3) or pancarpal (Case 2) joint arthrodesis, using locking compression plates. The joint cartilage was removed by either an arthroscopic approach (middle carpal joint and antebrachiocarpal joint) or a percutaneous drilling technique (carpometacarpal joint). Two or 3 locking compression plates were contoured to the dorsolateral, dorsomedial and dorsoaxial aspects of the carpal joints using a custom‐made tunnelling tool and a minimally invasive tunnelling technique, and the screws were positioned through stab incisions. All cases recovered well, were lame free at the walk, were able to trot and gallop and could be used for leisure and pasture activities (partial carpal arthrodesis) and breeding (pancarpal arthrodesis). Post‐operative x‐rays showed progressive joint fusion after 12 months (Case 1), 5 months (Case 2) and 10 months (Case 3). Case 2 with a pancarpal arthrodesis showed a mechanical lameness at the walk due to the inability to flex the carpus. Carpal flexion after carpometacarpal and middle carpal arthrodesis in Case 1 was calculated to be 42.6° and 44° in Case 3.     

植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌对甘蔗尾青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为了研究植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌对甘蔗尾青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响。试验共分为10组,A组为对照组,添加生理盐水;B、C、D组为植物乳杆菌添加组,分别在新鲜甘蔗尾中添加10、20和30 mL/kg植物乳杆菌液;E、F、G组为布氏乳杆菌添加组,在新鲜甘蔗尾中分别添加10、20和30 mL/kg布氏乳杆菌液;H、I、J组为植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌联合添加组,在新鲜甘蔗尾中分别添加10、20和30 mL/kg布氏乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌等体积混合的菌液。每组3个重复。室温青贮40 d,结束后采样测定青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性。结果显示：与对照组相比,添加植物乳杆菌组降低了甘蔗尾青贮pH,显著增加乳酸含量（P<0.05）,且随着植物乳杆菌添加量的升高而升高。与添加植物乳杆菌相比,添加布氏乳杆菌组甘蔗尾青贮中乳酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,乙酸含量显著升高（P<0.05）,且均随着布氏乳杆菌添加量的提高效果更显著;添加布氏乳杆菌组甘蔗尾青贮有氧稳定性较对照组提高48 h。布氏乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌联合组甘蔗尾青贮中乳酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且干物质损失较单独添加布氏乳杆菌组有所降低,且能够提高青贮可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）利用效率。综上所述,植物乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌联合处理（添加量达到2×10⁶ CFU/g鲜重,I组）青贮甘蔗尾能够有效提高青贮品质和有氧稳定性。     

酶菌复合制剂对奶牛生产性能和体细胞数的影响

本试验旨在研究酶菌复合制剂对奶牛生产性能和体细胞数的影响。选取年龄、胎次、泌乳天数及生理性状相近的荷斯坦奶牛240头,随机为成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0和1.5 kg/t的酶菌复合制剂,预试期10 d,正试期40 d,分别于试验第10、20、30、40天采集牛粪便,利用粪便分析筛对牛粪便组成进行分析。分别在试验第1、20、40天采集乳样,采用乳汁分析仪测定各组乳样中乳脂率、乳蛋白率、非脂固形物和奶中体细胞数（SCC）,试验期间记录每头牛平均日产奶量（ADMY）及平均日采食量（ADFI）。试验结果表明,添加酶菌复合制剂能够显著增加奶牛平均日产奶量（P<0.05）,提高牛乳中乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量（P<0.05）,降低体细胞数（P<0.05）,改善粪便结构。综合试验结果,酶菌复合制剂应用于奶牛养殖的最优添加量为1.0 kg/t,可以提高奶牛产奶量,降低牛体细胞数。     

Do birdwatchers buy the duck stamp?

Bird watchers (birders) are stakeholders in wildlife conservation; yet, few federal programs provide formal mechanisms for birders to contribute economically to conservation. One exception is the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp (duck stamp), a unique conservation tool historically aimed at waterfowl hunters that generates revenue to acquire and protect wetland habitat. This article examined duck stamp purchasing behavior among birders participating in the National Audubon Society’s annual citizen science project, the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) (n = 3,072). Twenty percent of CBC participants had purchased a duck stamp between 2013 and 2015, and about 40% of those purchasers were also hunters. Birding specialization was a key predictor of duck stamp purchasing behavior, with highly specialized nonhunting birders purchasing stamps at rates approximately equal to hunters. Future research should continue to explore reasons birders buy (or do not buy) duck stamps and the broader implications on wildlife conservation.     

钻床加工薄板大孔的辅助装置

针对直接用钻头在薄板上加工大孔零件比较困难的问题,设计了一种在钻床上加工大孔的装置。将该装置安装在钻床上即可在薄板上加工大孔,使用效果较好,适用于小批量生产。     

日粮中添加维基尼亚霉素对肉牛瘤胃微生物数量的影响

选用4头体重为559.4±30.1kg,健康且装有瘤胃瘘管的4岁龄杂交肉牛,进行重复交叉试验设计,处理组添加维吉尼亚霉素,旨在观察日粮中添加维基尼亚霉素对瘤胃微生物数量的影响。在每个正试验期第28天的饲喂前8:00和饲喂后12:00、16:00采集瘤胃液进行亨氏滚管法培养计数。试验发现日粮中添加维基尼亚霉素能有效抑制调节瘤胃微生物中淀粉降解菌数量和蛋白降解菌数量(P<0.01),但对纤维降解菌、总细菌和原虫的数量影响不显著。维吉尼亚霉素在不同采样时间点抑制调节瘤胃微生物数量的统计结果显示,维吉尼亚霉素在8:00时,能有效抑制调节淀粉降解菌数量(P<0.05),在12:00时,能有效抑制淀粉降解菌数量和蛋白降解菌数量(P<0.05)。维吉尼亚霉素在不同时间点对纤维降解菌、总细菌和原虫的数量影响不显著。但对照组和处理组中,原虫数量和总细菌数量随时间均呈现出"高-低-高"的趋势。结果表明,向日粮中添加维吉尼亚霉素能有效调节高精料条件下占主导地位的淀粉降解菌和蛋白降解菌的数量,从而缓解瘤胃酸中毒。     

粘钢加固钢筋混凝土梁抗震研究综述

简要介绍了粘钢加固技术的基本原理及发展历程,总结了将粘钢加固法应用于钢筋混凝土梁抗震领域的研究进展,探讨了粘钢加固技术结合有限元法在钢筋混凝土梁抗震领域的新趋势,为钢筋混凝土梁加固试验研究的发展提供了参考。